Bleeding Esophageal Varices: Today’s Role of Portosystemic Shunts

Emergency portosystemic shunting has once again become a significant option in the management of bleeding esophageal varices and portal hypertension. The decision to perform such a shunt and the choice of shunt procedure requires a rational assessment of the pathophysiology and hepatoportal hemodynamics of the patient's disease and the manner in which it is anticipated that the selected procedure may alter portal flow. Since shunt surgery may interfere with hepatic transplantation, the patient's suitability as a future transplant recipient must also be considered in choosing a shunt procedure. Furthermore, if a shunt is to be performed on an emergency basis to control acute bleeding, this procedure must be done before the patient's condition deteriorates sufficiently to represent a prohibitive surgical risk.