Plasma concentrations of TNF‐α and its soluble receptors sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 in patients with coronary artery disease

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is implicated in post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction. Two distinct TNF-alpha receptors are shed from cell membranes and circulate in plasma as soluble sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 proteins. The aim of the study was to establish factors associated with plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha and its receptors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Since adenosine inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha, two functional polymorphisms in genes encoding enzymes participating in adenosine metabolism, i.e. AMP deaminase-1 (AMPD1, C34T) and adenosine deaminase (ADA, G22A), were analyzed. Plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were measured using ELISA in 167 patients with CAD. Common factors significantly associated with higher TNF-alpha, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), older age, higher BNP, lower blood haemoglobin, and the presence of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Higher TNF-alpha and sTNFR1 concentrations were also associated with the presence of heart failure (HF), lower ejection and shortening fraction, the presence of diabetes or metabolic syndrome, lower serum HDL cholesterol, and higher uric acid. In multivariate analysis the common independent predictors of higher TNF-alpha, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were lower GFR, lower HDL cholesterol, higher BNP, and the presence of asthma or COPD. There were no associations between AMPD1 C34T or ADA G22A genotypes and TNF-alpha or its receptors. In conclusion, the concentrations of TNF-alpha, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 reflect the impairment of cardiac and renal function in patients with CAD. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes are associated with higher plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha and its receptors.