Clinico-pathological correlations of childhood glomerular disease in Eastern India

Background: Histopathological examination of renal biopsy has an important role in establishing glomerular disease in children.Objective: To describe and correlate the types of glomerular diseases reported in native kidney biopsy and their clinical presentations.Method: This retrospective and descriptive study was conducted from December 2009 to December 2013 at the Department of Paediatrics, SVPPGIP & SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, India. A total of 142 renal biopsies were performed in 140 children aged 6 months to 14 years. Their demographic data, indication for renal biopsy and histological diagnosis were analysed and correlated with clinical presentations in the study.Results: In 136 (97.1%) of 140 children, the renal histopathology revealed glomerular diseases. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The most frequent types of biopsy-proven renal diseases were: Minimal Change Disease 47 (33.5%), Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis 29 (20.7%), IgA nephropathy 21 (15%), Lupus nephritis 11 (7.8%) and Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 8 (5.7%). Nephrotic syndrome was the most common glomerular disease 106 (77.9%).Conclusions: In our study, Minimal Change Disease was the most common biopsy proven glomerular disease and nephrotic syndrome was the most frequent clinical presentation. The best clinico-pathological correlation was seen with lupus nephritis cases.Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2015; 44(1): 31-37DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v44i1.7960