Assessment of Physical and Technical Training Level in Basic Specialization Stage in Women's Artistic Gymnastics

IntroductionAt the present moment, artistic gymnastics has made remarkable progresses and has become a sport that enjoys a higher and higher popularity, characterized by a really considerable development, so that gymnasts' performances are distinguished by new elements, increase of exercises difficulty, complexity and spectacular character while technique and mastery of execution are also improved (Potop, 2008, p.7; Vieru, 1997, p.14).Artistic gymnastics develops in accordance with the trends of performance sport, but it has its specific features too, such as: increase of sports mastership, increase and rivalry of competitive programs, processing of new complex routines, sports mastership that reaches virtuosity; improvement of components that provide the training of high classification gymnasts (financial, technical - material, methodical-scientific, biological- methodical, psychological, informational and motivational components) (Arkaev, Suchilin, 2004, p.22).Sports mastership and special technical training are closely interrelated and represent the main part of the a periodic control system in gymnastics (Rozin, 1997, p.53).Learning the technique of various sports branches is generally characterized by the laws and stages of motor actions and acts learning, of course with some specific, differential features determined by the particulars of sport branches (Dragnea, 1996; Dragnea, Mate- Teodorescu, 2002, p.281).Efficient learning, in different stages of technical training, can be ensured only if learning stages and content are closely related to efficiency criteria (Platonov, 2004, p.301). The technique of gymnastics exercises, depending on biomechanical positions, is analyzed by means of arithmetical entry, which involves operations of improvement of the concrete problems (Smolevskij, Gaverdovskij, 1999, p.112).Gymnastics technique is conditioned by the development level of the general, specific physical training and of the motor skills, which is in close conjunction with the artistic, psychological, tactical and theoretical training (Niculescu, 2003, p.79).In gymnastics, the role of the technical training is very important and in close interdependence with the other components; thus, a poor physical training of the children leads to a bad, wrong technique, thus to lack of success in competition. Also, a good technical training based on a good physical training, but in the absence of an adequate psychological training results in poor performances (Grigore, 2001, p.106).In order to enable a young gymnast to carry out in the future the technical elements of higher difficulty successfully, the coach / teacher should pay attention to the long-term syllabus too, and should work according to the scheme: learning the technical elements, one should go from the main purpose to the concrete situation and back to the main purpose, keeping under control the whole learning process, based on the perspective (Boloban, 2011, p.75).The basic functional unit in the training system of male and female gymnasts is the coach-athlete sub- system, which enables information to circulate through the direct and reverse channels. In order to compare the purpose with the tasks proposed to the gymnast and with the results of the action, the exercise must be divided into sequences. In the learning process we tend to an entirely ideal movement, existing in our knowledge. However, there are always deviations from the general or particular character when the exercise is performed (Suchilin, 2010, p.5).Physical training is one of the most important factors of sports training for achieving high performance. The main objectives of physical training are to increase athlete's physiological potential and to develop the biometric skills up to the highest level (Bompa, 2002, p.48).Modern sports training have settled and completed the control standards and trials used by coaches in numerous measurement variations and combinations as practical tests for the assessment and evaluation of female gymnasts' physical training (Simion, Mihaila, Stanculescu, 2011, p. …