Inhibitory effect ofTrichodermaisolates on growth ofAlternaria alternata, the causal agent of leaf spot disease on sunflower, under laboratory conditions

Several species of the genus Alternaria are involved in leaf spot disease of sunflower, with Alternaria alternata being the dominant species responsible for this disease in Iran and many other sunflower-producing areas, worldwide. The disease causes a progressive destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus, resulting in annual yield loss. The routine disease management strategies are not effective for disease control; hence, alternative measures for disease management are of great interest. In the present study, the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum T22 and Trichoderma sp. on biological control of the causal agent was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The effect of Trichoderma isolates on dry weight (DW) and radial growth (RG) rate of A. alternata was evaluated using dual culture, volatile and non-volatile cellular metabolites. The results obtained in this study revealed that in both Trichoderma isolates, non-volatile cellular metabolites had the highest inhibitory effect on DW and RG rate of the causal agent. Owing to explicit inhibitory effect of non-volatile cellular metabolites on A. alternata, the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of non-volatile cellular metabolites were evaluated on DW and RG rate of the A. alternata. The obtained results showed that non-autoclaved 75 and 50% concentrations and undiluted (100%) autoclaved non-volatile cellular metabolites from Trichoderma sp. had the highest inhibitory effect on DW and RG rate of the causal agent. The overall results of this study reveal that Trichoderma spp. have excellent efficacy on biological control of A. alternata under laboratory condition; such that, further studies on the potential of Trichoderma spp. in biological control of Alternaria leaf spot disease of sunflower under green house and field conditions are necessary.