Monitoring and evaluation of refractive error and presbyopia for Vision 2020

PURPOSE: To develop output and outcome indicators for the correction of refractive error and presbyopia to a level comparable with those advocated by Vision 2020 for cataract. METHODS: World Health Organization, Vision 2020 and published eye care intervention literature were searched to find evidence of best practice. This information was used to construct a suite of indicators for monitoring the correction of refractive error and presbyopia. RESULTS: Indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of refractive error and presbyopia correction were proposed, addressing refraction and spectacle dispensing outputs and rates, and refractive error correction and presbyopia correction coverage. CONCLUSION: Using data collection that should be occurring in everyday clinical practice, the proposed indicators would provide more comprehensive information than those currently suggested by Vision 2020. As such, they would be more useful in the monitoring and evaluation of the correction of refractive error and presbyopia in the context of Vision 2020.