2011•Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual ScienceRequires access

Refractive Error and Presbyopia in Timor-Leste: The Impact of 5 Years of a National Spectacle Program

Jacqueline Ramke, Garry Brian, Thomas Naduvilath

Abstract

PURPOSE: To characterize refractive error, presbyopia, and spectacle correction among adults aged ≥40 years in Timor-Leste in 2010 and examine the impact of the National Spectacle Program by comparing results to those obtained 5 years earlier. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional survey sampled 50 clusters of 45 people each. Participants with uncorrected and undercorrected refractive error (presenting visual acuity <6/18, but ≥6/18 in the better eye with pinhole), uncorrected and undercorrected presbyopia (

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Key concepts: Presbyopia, Refractive error, Optometry, Medicine, Timor leste, Confidence interval, Visual acuity, Anisometropia