Genetic Polymorphisms of L-Type Calcium Channel .ALPHA.1C and .ALPHA.1D Subunit Genes are Associated With Sensitivity to the Antihypertensive Effects of L-Type Dihydropyridine Calcium-Channel Blockers

BACKGROUND: The response of blood pressure (BP) to L-type dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (dCCBs) differs among individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS: A pharmacogenomic analysis was undertaken in 161 patients with essential hypertension who were treated with dCCBs to study whether genetic polymorphisms of the calcium channel alpha1C and alpha1D subunit genes, CACNA1C and CACNA1D, are associated with the antihypertensive effects of dCCBs. Responders were defined as those in whom systolic BP (SBP) was lowered by more than 20 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) was lowered by more than 10 mmHg after treatment with dCCBs. Eleven sequence-proven polymorphisms of CACNA1C and 5 common polymorphisms of CACNA1D chosen from a public database were subjected to genotypic analysis. The comparison of polymorphism prevalence between responders and nonresponders showed significant differences in CACNA1D rs312481G>A and rs3774426C>T, and in CACNA1C 527974G>A. There were significant differences in SBP or DBP between alleles in these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A much more significant reduction in BP was observed for the combined presence of these SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: Three SNPs in CACNA1D or CACNA1C are genetic polymorphisms conferring sensitivity to the antihypertensive effects of L-type dCCBs in patients with hypertension. The BP reduction by L-type dCCBs might be predicted by evaluating these polymorphisms.