Economics of steam turbine use in industry

Steam turbines exert strong influence in the operation of industrial steam systems. The proper application of turbines is a function of economics, not of long-standing preferences for them or their alternative drivers, such as motors or engines. In industrial plants, turbines must supply valid process heat loads through extraction and exhaust flows. This will maximize the production of low cost shaft work with least effects on the environment. Optimum use of fuel resources occurs only when the availability of energy is persistently preserved in its transformation and utilization in industry. Technical and economic aspects of turbine applications based on field experiences are presented. Diagrams illustrate specific concepts and advantages of systems which are discussed.