Analytical techniques for the chemical analysis of plant biomass and biomass products

The use of plant biomass as an alternative to non-renewable raw materials as a source of energy, materials and chemicals is becoming increasingly important worldwide. Many countries are investing both financial resources and research efforts to promote a green economy based on plant biomass. Chemical analyses are an important tool in ensuring the quality, reliability and the best use of plant biomass. Analytical techniques can provide information about the chemical composition of biomass, characterize its properties and also determine the concentration of both organic and inorganic species in biomass. This review discusses the main analytical techniques and their application in the chemical analysis of plant biomass and biomass products, covering examples of applications in industry and scientific research. Issues relating to biorefineries, green chemistry, innovation and technological trends are also considered.