Induction of oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Vigna mungo by zinc stress

Significant changes were observed in the antioxidant systems in the leaves of black gram ( Vigna mungo L., var. DPU-88-31) grown under deficient and excess supply of Zn. Plant grown with Zn supply ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 μM under glasshouse conditions showed optimal growth and biomass yield at 1.0 μM Zn supply. Deficient (0.001 and 0.01 μM) as well as excess (2.0 and 10.0 μM) supply of Zn decreased the concentrations of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and nonprotein thiols and increased that of ascorbate. The activity of superoxide dismutase and carbonic anhydrase was decreased at deficient levels and increased with increase in Zn supply up to 10 μM. At both stages of growth, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, were decreased, whereas the activities of glutathione reductase and peroxidase were increased at both deficient and excess supply of Zn. An accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was observed in Zn-stressed leaves, indicating oxidative damage. Different responses to deficient and excess supply of Zn were observed in the production of oxidative damage.