Modelling Multimodal Freight Transport: Impacts of Network Improvement in Urban Areas on Inter-Regional Freight Transport

This paper proposes an optimization model that determines the best combination of infrastructure improvements and investigates the impact of urban and surrounding network improvements on inter-regional freight transport. The model uses bi-level programming, where the lower level problem describes the multimodal multi-user assignment technique and the upper level problem optimizes the best combination of network improvements using genetic algorithm-based procedures. Model application to the actual freight network in Java Island reveals that the best combination of network improvements is a mixed-type set of improvements located inside and outside the cities.