Factors Affecting on in Vitro Gametophyte Formation from Spore Culture of Four Moss Species

Effects of various culture media and physical environments on in vitro spore germination and bud inductions of four mosses were studied. Primary cultures were initiated from spores of Hypnum plumaeforme, Amblystegium serpens, Bartramia pomiformis and Polytrichum commune. Spores were cultured on hormone-free Knop and three concentrations of MS (1/2 MS, 1/4 MS, 1/8 MS) media, and low concentration of mineral salts (1/8 MS) stimulated spore germination and growth of protonema. Protonemata were then subcultured on the same media, and intermediate strength (1/4 MS) of the culture medium was required for optimal bud induction as well as for vegetative growth. Bud free protonemata were tested at four temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30℃) under 27 μmol m?² s?¹ illumination. All species exhibited maximum gametophyte numbers and height at 20 and 25℃. Cultures were also subjected to different light intensities: 13.5, 27, 40.5 and 54 μmol m?² s?¹ at the optimal temperature (20 ± 2℃). Light intensity within the range of 27 to 40.5 μmol m?² s?¹ was optimum for bud induction. So, it was confirmed that culture media and environmental factors regulated protonema differentiation and bud induction of mosses.