The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract

This book is an attempt to trace the history of one of the great intellectual movements of modern times. The major part concentrates on England between 1770 and 1970, but the origins of freedom of contract are searched for in earlier centuries. Throughout the 19th century, freedom of contract was an ideology whose influence extended into politics, economics, and morality, as well as the law. While this book is written from the standpoint of a lawyer, a serious attempt is made to probe these additional dimensions, and in particular to study the inter-relations between them. It is suggested that, in the early 19th century, lawyers and judges were particularly receptive to influences from outside the law — especially political economy — but that by the middle of the century the lawyers had cut themselves off from these external influences. The book takes full account of the work in Parliament, as well as of the judges, and adds a contribution to recent historical research, suggesting that Parliament constantly departed from laissez-faire policies, particularly after 1830.