Orthoptic Assessment and Management

Normal and abnormal binocular vision Background: orthoptic terminology, surgical principles, the development of orthoptic techniques Ocular deviations: motor anomalies Ocular adaptations: sensory anomalies Clinical investigation of binocular anomalies Heterophoria and anomalies of vergence and accommodation Exercises for vergence, version and fixation Heterotropia Incomitancy Nystagmus, irregular eye movements, internuclear and supranuclear binocular anomalies Professional qualifying examination technique Case studies References and background reading Appendices Index. Differential diagnosis of strabismus and amblyopia History of orthoptic Oculomotor deviations Oculosensory anomalies Routine orthoptic procedures Heterophoria assessment and management protocols Vision training exercises Concomitant heterotropia classification, diagnosis and treatment Acute strabismus, supranuclear eye movement disorders, nystagmus, strabismus syndromes Professional examination technique and questions Case management examples Glossary