Our Universe Expands With the Arrow of Time

There are no such entities as dark matter or dark energy and, indeed, there can be no future for our universe with an accelerated rate of expansion. A new closed model for the expansion of our universe predicts correctly all astronomical measurements so far presented with no free parameters for adjustments to fit the data. Our universe is more complex than anticipated by Einstein. This has already been made clear by the inability to unify quantum physics with classical physics, The many problems encountered by general relativity (GR) in trying to account for the expansion also attest to that complexity and in particular, the collapse of the universe with the third (k = 1) option of the Friedmann equations. There can be only one correct model, so the vision of the new expansion model began with the complete abandonment of GR and a search for what makes our universe expand. The reality of space and its production rate takes center stage in the new model. New concepts of geometry and higher-dimensional spaces with a new arrow of time came into being which solved many other long-standing fundamental problems. Only algebra and beginning calculus were needed to develop the new model. The new model is described in detail in a new self-published Book 3 just coming off the press and the highlights are described in the following paper. Normally cosmology papers are written about incomplete models with free parameters and the authors minimize the number of equations. The opposite approach was used for the closed model in this Book 3. In 112 pages, nine present fixed data are presented with 50 equations and 58 figures so the reader could reproduce any, or all, of the predictions.