The Inference of Globalization from the Regionalization Process

ABSTRACT.Globalization, a wide scale economic integration process, occurred against the changes developed in the international that led to global markets opening. In the last decades, globalization has become a dominant phenomenon in the world manifested by an increase of global, economic, political and social interdependences. Under these conditions, there was produced the interrelation regionalization - globalization, the regional cooperation being directly related to the development of globalization. This paper aims to highlight aspects on globalization emergence context, the characteristics of the relationship between these two processes, regionalization - globalization, as well as the considerations expressed, in this regard, by some authors. Also, it makes a distinction between the old and the new regionalism.JEL codes: R10; R11Keywords: globalization; regionalization; regionalism; economic integrationAcknowledgment. This article is a part of the research paper entitled Regional Development and Territorial Planning in the Context of the New Cohesion Policy (2014-2020). survey has been achieved by a team of researchers of the Institute of National Economy, consisting of Ph.D. Daniela Antonescu (Coordinator) and Ph.D. Student Fiorina Popa.1. IntroductionIn the recent decades globalization has become a dominant phenomenon in the world economy, expressed through an intensification of global, economic, political and social interdependences. It is a process of economic integration, on a large scale, in a fast rhythm, which allows interdependence growth among economic operators, international markets, entrance on the market of the new actors with various production models, with new technologies and a high mobility of production factors, goods and services.Among the premises of this phenomenon occurrence it should be highlight:-the transfer of political decision to subnational (regional, recognition of regions) or supranational level (world) (regionalization, integration);-making search for an answer in the new problems occurred at international level (environmental pollution, human rights, world security);-knowledge flow, know-how and transfer;-restrictive regulations removal and free movement of capital, trade favoring, free markets.Definitions of certain authors, for globalization, take into account, both the characteristics and consequences this produce, both at world level and at national level:* A process that results in reducing distances among countries, their economic sovereignty, increasing interdependences among (Ciurcanu, 2004/2005: 89, quotes Oman, 1999).* Growing trans-nationalization of markets, trades, production systems, through the free movement of capital and free market economy (Ciurcanu, 2004/2005: 89, quotes Chesnais, 1997).* The free movement of capital, accompanied by growing dominance of global financial markets and multinational corporations on national economies (Ciurcanu, 2004/2005: 89, quotes Soros, 2002).* The process by which markets and production in different countries become more and more interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and of flows of capital and technology (Ciurcanu, 2004/2005: 89, quotes European Commission).* Ngaire Woods (2000) observed quantitative elements of globalization - increase of international trade, investments, international capital flows, the free movement of persons and qualitative elements - changes in the way people think and in the way of states and companies action (Ciurcanu, 2004/2005, about Ngaire Woods, 2000).* Harvey (1989) refers to the aspect of globalization by changes in the geographic areas and the relationships among them and takes into consideration the impact of technological progress on geographic areas by diminishing distance among them. (Dahlstrom, 2004, about Harvey, 1989)* In their studies, Waters, Hirst, Thompson and Dicken, Peck and Tickell states that the process cover a set of steps that lead to its achievement, but is not yet fully completed. …