Ways of Using Human Rights Law to Fight Corruption

ABSTRACT.Scholarly research reveals strong correlations between the necessary legal framework to prevent and curb corruption, the institutional environment of corruption, and the growth of organized crime systems. This paper aims to analyze and discuss the distributive effects of state corruption, people's perceptions concerning the extent of corruption, and the rule of law.Keywords: the institutional environment of corruption, factors shaping perceptions of corruption1. IntroductionThis study is grounded in the considerable body of scholarship examining the use of technology-based tools for detecting fraud and corruption, factors shaping perceptions of corruption, and the stringency of environmental policies.2. Corruption and the Democratic Ideal of Self-governmentIndependence from political interference and from other forms of corruption is hard to achieve. Privatization may help in countries where there are corrupt links between the firm and the executive. Liberalization may prevent corruption in countries where competition is likely to be sustainable. Indirect capture is relevant for developing countries where corruption within the government is endemic. Models of regulatory capture have focused on instances where corruption decreases efficiency. Corruption in regulation causes both a redistribution of surplus and increased costs overall.1 Corruption has a negative impact on important economic outcomes. Political stability under a democratic regime determines the efficacy of the checks- and-b alances mechanisms and the level of corruption. Cultural and historical factors determine simultaneously democracy and corruption.2 Corruption is the greatest threat to the democratic ideal of self-government. Parliaments can create the necessary legal framework to prevent and curb corruption. Appropriate laws may be a necessary component in a country's arsenal of policies and interventions to curb corruption.3Corruption can exacerbate the impact of political connections on analyst forecasts. The level of corruption indicates how easy it is to reap the benefits of political connections. Host-country corruption level explains the adverse effect of political connections on analyst forecast accuracy.4 Political influence over the courts is a key factor of judicial corruption. Political anti-corruption measures are broader than specific institutional ones. The criminal structures in the EU take advantage of corruption in a variety of ways. All Member States have an established mechanism to respond to corruption cases. Corruption networks could be activated whenever they are needed.53. Government Effectiveness and Control of CorruptionRegulated societies are likely to experience problems of corruption. Levels of corruption are dependent on a set of factors across the institutional forms which firms may participate in for the purpose of gain.6 Corruption flourishes in conditions of poverty and weak public institutions. Recruitment and promoting on merit are positively associated with both government effectiveness and control of corruption.7 Multinational corporations (MNCs) are concerned that pervasive corruption could increase their operational costs and risks. Countries with the prevalence of rule of law tend to be less prone to corruption. Some cultures, as country effects, breed in corruption. The institutional environment of corruption shapes the behavior of MNCs.8 Corruption raises the cost to host countries in the form of reduced tax revenues. The greater the power distance, the higher the degree of corruption in the country. Bridging the digital disparity across countries can serve to lessen national corruption levels. Highly corrupt countries may restrict the free flow of information.9Countering corruption is in large part a problem of information (gathering and analyzing financial information is vital). Governments expect the private sector to apply a risk-based model in managing corruption-type risks involving senior public officials. …