II. The Constituents Of The Problems

This chapter discusses the factors influencing ozone depletion, climate change and air pollution. Ozone depletion occurs due to CFCs and halons; the five major CFCs (CFC 11, 12, 113, 114 and 115) are all listed in Annex A (1) to the Montreal Protocol; international controls on halons are recorded in Annex A (II) of the Montreal Protocol. Roughly, world production of all ozone depleting substances (ODS) in 1974 was 805,000 metric tones. By the 1970s, a much more dynamic role of the oceans in relation to climate change was realized, although debates from the impact of choppy seas, through to phytoplankton and thermohaline circulation and their relationship with climatic change have continued. The chapter focuses on the so called 'classical air pollutants', which do not tend to bio-accumulate, the human health effects are relatively well known, and the lung is the usual target.Keywords: air pollution; chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); climate change; Montreal Protocol; ozone depleting substances (ODS)