Survey on Biometric Applications for Implementation of Authentication in Smart Governance

ABSTRACTWith large scale proliferation of internet and network, more and more people tend to communicate through the insecure network channels. So, to avoid illegal access of confidential and private resources, user authentication is the primary requirement of this age. Nowadays, smart card based authentication schemes have been deployed widely to ensure the legitimacy of a user's access request. Smart cards can be associated with the other traditional authentication schemes like password or PIN, to enhance the security level of the system. In recent years, numerous researchers have focused on the field of user authentication schemes and figured out a new advanced and secure mechanism by employing biometrics as an authentication tool in smart card systems. In this paper, the authors have made a detailed survey on some eminent existing biometric technique based smart card authentication schemes. Since the existing schemes have several security pitfalls and are susceptible to dangerous attacks, this study will pave a way towards the evolution of an ideal authentication scheme that can attain every possible goals.Keywords: Biometrics, authentication, non-repudiation, smart card.INTRODUCTION:In this web-enabled world, where every well-intended technological advancements makes its fate to be soon abused by someone malevolent, it have become very crucial for us to bring into existence an optimal secure solution that can provide reliable service to all facets of our modem life. With the advancement of science, individuals can move on with its every vital information effortlessly with the help of smart card based technology. This appliance not only can be used as a storage device but also play a significant and inevitable role in proving remote user's authentication, identification or secured access to the ICT systems. But, as usual, these easy to use, portable, intelligent devices are also not free from the mal-intentions of the fraudsters. To get rid of the frequent and severe fraudulent attacks, numerous anti-attack schemes were undertaken by the researchers. Password authentication schemes [36, 37], Dynamic ID-based schemes [38, 39], time stamp based schemes [40, 41], nonce based schemes [42, 43], etc. are some of their eminent creations. In the last few years, a new technology named biometrics has spurred a great deal of interest in the field of research and has also achieved the height of popularity in electronic personal identification and authorization of individuals at the POS (Point of Sale) terminals. Biometrics when combined with smart card technology creates a tight bond between the smart card and the cardholder. In our paper, we have carried out a thorough study over such biometric-based user authentication schemes using smart cards.Section II describes the need of biometric technology in smart card authentication. Section III includes a literature survey on the biometrics based smart card authentication schemes. Conclusion drawn from the entire study is mentioned in Section IV. Section V contains the references.NECESSITY OF BIOMETRICS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTHENTICATION IN SMART CARDS:Biometrics can be used as an effective authentication tool to be implemented in smart card technology. This section will give an overview of the smart card and biometric technology and discuss the need of biometrics in smart card authentication and working of this combined technology.a) SMART CARD TECHNOLOGY:A smart card [44, 45, 46] is an intelligent device which is externally made of plastic containing an embedded integrated computer chip i.e., ICC (a microprocessor with or without memory) in it. This card is capable of storing up to 64Kbytes of information [45]; capable of performing its own processing functions and can be read by a terminal via smart card readers [52], The information stored on the smart card can be secured using advanced security techniques viz., advanced cryptographic techniques and digital signature schemes. …