Volumetric leak detection in large underground storage tanks. Volume 2. Appendices a through e

The program of experiments conducted at Griffiss Air Force Base was devised to expand the understanding of large underground storage tank behavior as it impacts the performance of volumetric leak detection testing. The report addresses three important questions about testing the larger underground storage tanks for leaks. First, can the EPA regulatory standards be met when volumetric methods are used to test tanks up to 190,000 L (50,000 gal) in capacity. Second, what is the precision required of the temperature and level sensors and what is the minimum duration of the data collection period in order for a volumetric system to accurately test larger tanks, particularly those that are partially filled. Third, what are the important features of a volumetric system that meets or exceeds the regulatory performance standards. The document presents the results of experiments conducted on 190,000-L (50,000-gal) underground storage tanks (USTs) to determine how to test large tanks for leaks with volumetric leak detection systems. The work reported in the document has applications to the UST release detection technical standards in CFR 280 Subpart D.