Review of different approaches to distance based charging

Electronic fee collection systems complying with the distance based charging principle use the distance travelled as a main factor to determine the charge. It covers various types of approaches which employ different technologies, methods of journey calculation and road network representations. This paper will provide an overview on possible approaches to distance based charging with the list of examples of existing schemes or trials performed during the last few years. The paper will provide an overall comparison of these approaches in the sense of methods of vehicles journey detection and their accuracy.