INTERCHANGES: THEORY AND PRACTICE IN BRITAIN

Either (a) because there is no direct convenient, through service or route; or (b) to take advantage of the superior speed, comfort or convenience of a particular mode for their part of the journey. The passenger considers the former as an inconvenience, the latter an advantage. Walking and/or waiting is always involved. The operator wishes to transport passengers as economically as possible for the level of demand. Complication arise where there is also a change of operator, whether in practical problems or in pricing. And in this, in the interest of both parties to make interchange as smooth as and efficient as possible. Interchange may involve the use of more than one terminal, as between road and rail, and it is often this type of interchange which is more lacking in quality. The paper analyzes the characteristics of good interchange and identify the opportunities for practical improvements. Many do not involve heavy expenditure or time-consuming construction work. Signing, lighting and walkways, safer pedestrian crossings, and on-street stop grouping to minimize walking distances, can often make interchange easier, quicker and more pleasant, at a minimal cost. The paper comprises a balance of theoretical concepts and real examples. It aims at assisting those concerned with the provision, operation and use f interchanges in the pursuit of best practice.