Programmed Instruction and Teaching Machines

Programmed instruction is an effective method of applying principles of efficient learning by which trainees, studying individually, master the subject matter in about half the time usually required by lecture-study methods. A program presents the material to be learned in small steps, requires the trainee to participate by responding in each step, and lets the trainee know immediately whether his responses are appropriate. Most programs can be presented in books or machines. The method shows great promise as an aid in education and training, but it is not a panacea. It should be used only when its advantages justify its cost.