THE EMERGENCE OF TRANSNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS: EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN EXPERIENCES WITH DEREGULATION INDUCED INTERNATIONALIZATION OF TRANSPORT MARKETS AND INDUSTRIES

State (national) ownership of transportation businesses and/or heavy (national) state regulation of privately owned transportation companies are some of the outstanding features of capitalist (free enterprise) economic history and became almost universally accepted governance mechanisms in the golden age of capitalism after WW II until the mid 1970s. Reasons for the importance of transportation to nation state sovereignty and for strong state involvement in the organization of (a) national and international transport regimes and of (b) the modus of operation of transportation enterprises are manifold. The link between national deregulation policies and the internationalization of the transportation business -- a big issue for competition hit companies and employees -- has been by and large neglected in academic deregulation research. This paper seeks to understand deregulation as a policy set representing interests to overcome national and international barriers to capital accumulation both in transport and other industries.