AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL. IN: HANDBOOK OF AVIATION HUMAN FACTORS

The primary control of an air traffic control (ATC) system is to keep aircraft participating in the system separated from one another. Secondary reasons for the operation of an ATC system are to make more efficient use of airspace, and to provide additional services to pilots such as traffic information, weather avoidance, and navigational assistance. The level of ATC services provided is usually based on national priorities, technical abilities, weather conditions, and traffic complexity. To define and describe the services that can be offered by an ATC system, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has defined different aircraft operations and classes of airspace within which aircraft may operate. Different rules and regulations apply to each type of aircraft operation, and these rules vary depending on the type of airspace within which the flight is conducted. This paper reviews some of the types of ATC services and requirements for operation provided within various categories.