Management of pinyon-juniper woodlands /

The pinyon-juniper woodlands are extensive in the West- Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystem 1 ern United States and are a valuable renewable resource for Ecological Effects of Past Use 2 many uses: livestock grazing, fuelwood harvesting, pinyon Climatic Factors and Distribution 2 nut gathering, wildlife habitat, and a source for poles, posts, Soils 3 Christmas trees, and other home decorations.Such uses \nyen\ory'^'aa^^\caik>nZZZZZZ^^^^^^^^^ have made the pinyon-juniper woodlands an important part Pinyon-Juniper Resources, Uses, and Values 4 in the historical past of the West, and they remain so today.Historical Uses 4 Past use and misuse of th ese woodlands have left many Present-Day Forest Products 4 areas in the pinyon-juniper woodlands degraded.Recently, Livestock Grazing 7 there has been an awakening and a realization of the need Wildlife Habitat ' 7 for better management of these woodlands by land manage- Watershed and Hyd^^gic 'y^uenZZZZZZ ment agencies.For example, forage production for livestock Recreational Activities 8 is low, and although improved grazing management and Cultural Values ' 8 range improvement technologies have been developed, they Ecological Relations Basic to' Management Strategies'""^ are not being used in many areas.Wildlife habitat needs Climate-Soil-Vegetation Relations 9 improvement in specific areas of the pinyon-juniper wood-^3^^^Relations Among Species 1 0 lands, but criteria need to be applied as to what areas to p^^^i^g Characteristics of Plants 1 0 improve and what methods to use.More information is Nutrient Cycling 10 needed on watershed characteristics and how the use and Regeneration of yege\aiion ZZZZZZZZZ 1 1 management of the woodlands is affecting them.Manage-Management Strategies and Production Alternatives 1 4 ment for fuelwood production and harvesting needs improve-Management for Forest Products 1 5 ment, and new and unique ways to more efficiently use the Management for Forage and Browse Production 1 7 potential resource of forest products should be given greater Management for Wildlife Values 22 emphasis.Management for Watershed Values 24 At the Pinyon-Juniper Conference held in 1 986 at Reno, Management for Recreational Values 26 NV, knowledgeable scientists from universities and govern-Custodial Management 26 ment agencies presented reports forming a comprehensive Integrated Management of Overstory and array of knowledge from which to manage these woodlands Understory Vegetation for Multiple Uses 26 more intelligently.The proceedings of that conference and Summary 27 many other sources served as a basis for this manual.The References 27 objective is to give land managers and natural resource stu-Appendix 1 : 'com'm'o'n''a'n'd''scie'n'ti'f'i'c 'Nam'es'o'f 'pia'n'ts',' dents a general knowledge, emphazing principles by which Animals, and Birds (Alphabetically Listed by they can more fully understand and better manage the Common Name) 29 pinyon-juniper woodlands.Appendix 2: Characteristics of Junipers {Juniperus spp.) ...30 Appendix 3: Characteristics of Pinyons {Pinus spp.