How could Management of Borobudur World Heritage Site be Enhanced for Improving Tourism Impact for the Community ? : A Preliminary Comparison with Angkor World Heritage Site

This study attempts to find ways on how to enhance the management of Borobudur Temple Compound WHS (hereafter Borobudur WHS) for the benefit of the local communities by comparative analysis. The study applied the "lens" or "keyhole" comparison in which for viewing the main case (Borobudur), the minor case (Angkor WHS) is chosen. The two sites actually face similar issues : uneven distribution of tourism benefits among different social groups and different economic activities; low linkages between tourism and rural economy; and limited poverty reducing effects. However, learning from Angkor's experience, a single authority management system can execute sustainable development programs for the surrounding rural areas more effectively. The study suggests that having a single authority management in the temple vicinity, the recreation park, and the immediate buffer zone would improve coordination to tackle those local issues in Borobudur. Then again, if the current organizations are to be kept, inter-organisational collaboration is worth addressing.