Design science : introduction to needs, scope and organization of engineering design knowledge

I. General Survey.- 1 Introduction - 1.1 What Do We Understand by Designing?.- 1.2 To the Term Designing.- 1.2.1 Terminus Technicus Designing.- 1.2.2 Designing in the Statements of Other Authors.- 1.2.3 The Breadth of 1.2.4 Needs for and Designed Products.- 1.2.5 Characterizing 1.2.6 Roles for Failure and Development.- 1.2.7 Societal Conditions.- 1.3 Technical Knowledge about Designing: Current Situation.- 1.4 Relationships Between Designing and some Other Terms.- 1.4.1 Designing and Intuition (Inspiration).- 1.4.2 Designing and Feel for Design.- 1.4.3 Designing and Creativity.- 1.4.4 Designing and Innovation.- 1.4.5 Designing and Inventing.- 1.4.6 Designing and Heuristics.- 1.4.7 Closing Remarks.- 1.5 Is Designing Teachable/Learnable?.- 1.6 Summary and Outlook.- 2 Knowledge Systems (Science) and 2.1 Knowledge and Science ? General Considerations.- 2.1.1 Science and 2.2 Technical (Branch, Domain) Knowledge.- 2.3 Objects Hierarchy in Technological (Engineering) Science.- 2.4 Technological (Engineering) Sciences.- 2.4.1 Task and Object.- 2.4.2 Importance and Position.- 2.4.3 The Problem Treated by Engineering Sciences.- 2.4.4 Types of Engineering Sciences.- 3 Historic Development of Knowledge to Science.- 3.1 Sketch of the Development of Ideas about Rationalizing of the Area of 3.1.1 Requirements for Efforts Towards Rationalizing.- 3.1.2 Development in the German-Language Area.- 3.1.3 Great Britain.- 3.1.4 France.- 3.1.5 Italy.- 3.1.6 Scandinavia.- 3.1.7 USA and Canada.- 3.1.8 Russia ? Previous USSR.- 3.1.9 Previous Czechoslovakia.- 3.1.10 Poland.- 3.1.11 Japan.- 3.1.12 Other International Developments.- 3.1.13 Summary.- 3.2 Description of the Development of Knowledge.- 3.2.1 Elements of the Development.- 3.2.2 Development on Individual Planes.- 3.2.3 Progress.- 3.3 The Present State of Knowledge.- II. Model of Science.- 4 Science and its Goals.- 4.1 What is Science?.- 4.2 Is Science Necessary Today?.- 4.3 To the Term Science.- 4.4 Goals of Science.- 4.5 Acceptance of Science.- 5 Conception of Science and its Methods.- 5.1 To the Conception of Science Regarding Contents.- 5.2 To Content and Structure of Science.- 5.3 Kinds of Science.- 5.4 Principles for the Construction of Science.- 5.5 Methods of Science for Obtaining New Knowledge.- 5.6 Relationship Between Method, Object and Theory.- 6 Sources of the Knowledge and Impulses for Science.- 6.1 Philosophy.- 6.2 Psychology, Sociology.- 6.3 Work Science.- 6.4 Mathematics.- 6.5 Cybernetics.- 6.6 Information Science.- 6.7 Management.- 6.8 Invention Theory.- 6.9 Other Fields.- 6.10 Summary.- 7 Constituent Areas of Science.- 7.1 Theory of Technical Systems (TTS).- 7.1.1 Earlier Forms of Knowledge Systems about Objects of 7.1.2 Earlier Attempts to Build more Abstract Knowledge Systems in the Area of Technical Systems.- 7.1.3 Contents of the Partial Area Theory of Technical Systems.- 7.1.4 Summary.- 7.2 Theory of Processes (TDesP).- 7.2.1 Earlier Views and Forms of the Knowledge System Design Process.- 7.2.2 Contents of the Partial Area Processes.- 7.3 Branch Knowledge.- 7.3.1 The Development of Forms of Branch Knowledge and its Sources.- 7.3.2 The Structure of Branch Knowledge.- 7.3.3 The Form of Branch Knowledge.- 7.3.4 The Generation of Branch Knowledge.- 7.3.5 Branch Knowledge ? Areas of Validity.- 7.3.6 State and Prospects for Development of Branch Knowledge.- 7.4 Knowledge about Processes.- 7.4.1 The Structure of Knowledge about Processes.- 7.4.2 The Form of Knowledge about Processes.- 7.5 Quasi Main Areas.- 7.5.1 Knowledge about Computer-supported Designing ? CAD-knowledge.- 7.5.2 Acquisition of Knowledge for Programs.- 7.5.3 Summary.- III. Derivations from Science in Other Disciplines ? Specialized Science (Preamble).- 8 Science for the TS-Types.- 8.1 Science for Individual Levels of Complexity of Technical Systems.- 8.1.1 Science for Plant.- 8.1.2 Science for Instruments, Machines, Apparatus.- 8.1.3 Science for Assembly Groups and Elements.- 8.2 Science for Individual Branches ? TS Families.- 8.3 Science for Other TS-types.- 8.4 Sciences in Comparison.- 9 Specialized Science for Individual Classes of Recipients.- 9.1 Science for Researchers.- 9.2 Science for Practitioners.- 9.3 Science for Inexperienced People, Students, Novices.- 9.3.1 Requirements for a Textbook for Education.- 9.3.2 Knowledge System for Education.- 9.4 Science for Lay Persons.- 10 Quality of Science.- 10.1 The Quality of the Current Knowledge System of Science.- 11 Future Tasks in Science.- Names Index.