Collaboration, competition and conflict: social movement and interaction dynamics of London's environmental movement

There is a wide variety of types of environmental movement organisations (EMOs) in London, ranging from relatively small direct action networks and Friends of Parks groups, to EMOs of international significance such as Friends of the Earth and Greenpeace. Although there is a degree of conflict and competition between some of London's EMOs, there is sufficient networking to label London's environmentalism as a 'movement'. Especially at critical campaign times, the movement's ideological and spatial divisions join together to form dynamic campaigns that are difficult for decision-makers to ignore. This thesis explores the conflict, collaboration and competition within the movement using an integrated social movement theory approach. Resource mobilization, political opportunity, and new social movement theories are critiqued and scaled.