Quantum Computing Devices: Principles, Designs, and Analysis

Preface FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM INFORMATICS Spins: The Stern-Gerlach experiment and spin filter EPR, Bell's inequalities, and hidden variables The Landauer principle QUANTUM COMPUTATION AND QUANTUM SYSTEMS Turing machines and binary logic gates Quantum mechanical systems Hilbert spaces Complex finite dimensional Hilbert Spaces Quantum Turing machines Universality of elementary quantum gates Quantum algorithms Quantum adder and multiplier Quantum error correction codes Lasers: a heuristic introduction Quantum computing devices and requirements TWO-LEVEL ATOMS AND CAVITY QED Two-level atoms Quantization of the electromagnetic field Cavity QED Cavity QED for the quantum phase gate Quantum eraser Quantum disentanglement eraser IMPERFECT QUANTUM OPERATIONS Fidelity Density matrices Time evolution of density matrices Examples of master equations Fidelity calculations ION TRAPS Introduction Ion qubits Summary of ion preparation Coherence Quantum gates Large scale confined-ion quantum computer Trap architecture and performance Teleportation of coherent information Experimental DFS logic gates Quantum error correction by ion traps Summary of ion quantum computation QUANTUM LOGIC USING COLD, CONFINED ATOMS Introduction Atom trapping and detection Atom interactions with external fields Atom trapping Qubits and gates Controlled two-qubit gates Coherence properties of atom gates Assessment QUANTUM DOTS QUANTUM COMPUTING GATES Introduction Electrons in quantum dots microcavity Coupled electron spins Biexciton in a single quantum dot Conclusions LINEAR OPTICS COMPUTERS Classical electrodynamics - Classical computers Quantum electrodynamics - Quantum computers Teleportation Summary and outlook SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM COMPUTING DEVICES Introduction Superconductivity More on Cooper pairs and Josephson junctions Superconducting circuits: classical Superconducting circuits: quantum Quantum gates Measurement NMR QUANTUM COMPUTING Nuclear magnetic resonance Basic technology with NMR Solid state NMR Shor's algorithm and its experimental realization Quantum algorithm for lattice-gas systems Conclusion Appendix A: The Fock-Darwin States Appendix B: Evaluation of the exchange energy Appendix C: Transformation of quantum states: SU(2) and SO(3) Appendix D: The Homeomorphism from SU(2) to SO(3)