Hydraulic Analysis of Unsteady Flow in Pipe Networks

The method of characteristics 72 4.1 Introduction 72 4.2 Method of deriving the characteristic forms of the waterhammer equations 74 4.3 The characteristic forms of the waterhammer equations 77 4.4 The zone of influence and the domain of dependency 78 4.5 The zone of quiet 79 4.6 The integration of the characteristic equations 79 4.7 Boundary conditions 4.8 The method of the regular rectangular grid 82 4.9 Other finite difference methods 5 Variable parameters in unsteady flow 5.1 Variation of wavespeed 5.2 Gas evolution 5.3 The magnitude of variable wave speed and the inclusion of gas release 5.4 The use of the variable wavespeed equation 5.5 Vaporous cavitation 5.6 Calculation of friction 5.7 The use of variable f values 5.8 Interpolation 5.9 The calculation of the free bubble content 5.10 Evaluation of velocities and potential heads at internal points in a pipe length 6 Boundary conditions: pumps