Field Guide to the Neurologic Examination

SECTION I. NEUROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS * The Role of the Neurologic Examination in Neurologic Diagnosis * Localization of Neurologic Disease (Or What ...opathy does the Patient Have?) * Mechanisms of Neurologic Disease SECTION II. THE NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION THE NEUROLOGIC HISTORY * Taking a Neurologic History THE MENTAL STATUS EXAMINATION * The Approach to the Mental Status Examination * Language Testing * Memory Testing * The Mini-Mental-Status Examination THE CRANIAL NERVE EXAMINATION * The Approach to the Examination of the Cranial Nerves * Examination of the Pupils * The Fundoscopic Examination * Examination of Visual Acuity * The Visual Field Examination * Examination of Eye Movements * Examination of Facial Sensation * Examination of Facial Strength * Examination of Jaw Strength * Examination of Hearing * Examination of Palatal Function * Examination of Tongue Movement * Examination of the Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles * Examination of Taste * Examination of Smell THE MOTOR EXAMINATION * The Approach to the Motor Examination * Examination of Upper Extremity Strength * Examination of Lower Extremity Strength * Examination of Tone THE SENSORY EXAMINATION * The Approach to the Sensory Examination * Examination of Pin and Temperature Sensation * Examination of Vibration and Position Sensation * Examination of Cortical Sensation * Romberg Testing THE CEREBELLAR EXAMINATION * The Approach to the Cerebellar Examination * Testing of Upper Extremity Cerebellar Function * Testing of Lower Extremity Cerebellar Function THE REFLEX EXAMINATION * The Approach to Reflex Testing * Examination of Deep Tendon Reflexes * Testing for Babinski Response THE GAIT EXAMINATION * The Approach to the Gait Examination * Examining Gait PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER * Performing a Complete Neurologic Examination SECTION III. THE NEUROLOGIC EXAMIINATION IN COMMON CLINICAL SITUATIONS * Tailoring the Neurologic History and Examination to the Clinical Scenario * Examination of the Comatose Patient * Examination of the Confused Patient * Examination of the Patient with Dementia * Examination of the Dizzy Patient * Examination of the Patient with Falls * Examination of the Patient with Headache * Examination of the Patient with Tremor and Other Abnormal Movements * Examination of the Patient with Numbness * Examination of the Patient with Back Pain * Examination of the Patient with Neck Pain * Examination of the Patient with a Speech Problem * Examination of the Patient with Syncope * Examination of the Patient with Transient Focal Neurologic Symptoms * Examination of the Patient with Visual Problems * Examination of the Patient with Weakness * Examination of the Patient with a Suspected Spinal Cord Problem * Examination of the Patient with a Suspected Stroke * Examination of the Patient without Neurologic Symptoms: The Screening Neurologic Examination