Time-Integrative Geographic Information Systems: Management and Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Data

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The relationship of space and time.- 1.2 Targets and contents of the book.- 1.2.1 What this book is about.- 1.2.2 What this book is not about.- 1.2.3 How to use this book.- 1.2.4 Structure and organization of the book.- 1.3 Further Reading.- 1.3.1 Introductions in GIS and reference books.- 1.3.2 Data capturing, data management, database technology and data storage.- 1.3.3 Land survey, cadastre, remote sensing and GPS.- 1.3.4 Map projections and reference systems.- 1.3.5 Data models, topology and spatial queries.- 1.3.6 Spatial statistics, spatial analysis and spatial modelling.- 1.3.7 Data warehousing and decision support systems.- 1.3.8 Visualisation techniques, cartography and Web-GIS.- 1.3.9 GIS project management and applications of GIS.- 1.3.10 Manuals and programming language handbooks.- 1.3.11 Philosophical, social, political and legal aspects of GIS.- 2 Conceptualising real world entities in spatio-temporal GIS.- 2.1 The geographer's perspective on space and time.- 2.2 Modelling the real world in Geographic Information Systems.- 2.2.1 Steps in building a GIS.- 2.2.2 Stages of abstraction in modelling a GIS.- 2.2.3 Conceptualising the real world in GIS.- 2.2.4 Geo-coding.- 2.2.5 Geo-referencing.- 2.3 The representation of space in GIS.- 2.3.1 Vector data models.- 2.3.2 Raster data models.- 2.4 Integration of external models in Geographic Information Systems.- 2.4.1 The dasymetric mapping problem.- 2.4.2 The modifiable areal unit problem.- 2.4.3 The closed number set problem.- 2.4.4 The ecological fallacy problem.- 2.5 Spatio-temporal dimensions in GIS.- 3 Integrating time in Geographic Information Systems.- 3.1 Different types of time.- 3.2 Conceptualising time in GIS.- 3.2.1 Snapshots.- 3.2.2 Time slices.- 3.2.3 Topology of time.- 3.2.4 Space-time composite.- 3.2.5 The amendment vector method.- 3.2.6 ER-models of temporal objects.- 3.2.7 patio-temporal object model.- 3.3 Event and database time.- 3.4 Version management.- 3.5 Types of temporal databases.- 4 Implementation of time in GIS.- 4.1 Implementation problems.- 4.2 Project design.- 4.2.1 Top down approach.- 4.2.2 Bottom up approach.- 4.2.3 Acquiring the technology.- 4.3 Implementation constraints.- 4.3.1 Data sources.- 4.3.2 Spatio-temporal GIS approaches.- 4.3.3 Temporal point maps.- 4.3.4 Gazetteer method.- 4.3.5 Raster cell spatio-temporal GIS.- 4.3.6 Past in present snapshots.- 4.3.7 Time slices overlay method.- 4.3.8 Least common geometries method.- 4.3.9 Pseudo-object GIS.- 5 Processing and analysis of temporal data inside a GIS.- 5.1 Common GIS analysis functions.- 5.2 Spatial and thematic queries.- 5.2.1 Spatial queries.- 5.2.2 Thematic queries.- 5.2.3 Statistical analysis.- 5.2.4 Overlay and split.- 5.2.5 Geometric-topological operations.- 5.2.6 Interpolation.- 5.2.7 Network functions.- 5.3 Temporal queries.- 5.4 Process analysis and simulation.- 6 The visualization of spatio-temporal processes.- 6.1 Basic concepts of spatio-temporal visualisation.- 6.2 Displaying time on a map.- 6.3 Multidimensional GIS.- 6.4 GIS and Multimedia.- 7 Examples.- 7.1 Building a historical GIS.- 7.2 Studying historical transport networks.- 7.3 Exploring cultural landscape change.- 7.4 Working with cadastres.- 7.5 Predicting wildfires.- 7.6 Mapping urban growth.- 7.7 Reconstructing archaeological excavations.- 7.8 Mining for business data.- 8 Conclusion.- 8.1 Summary.- 8.2 Outlook.- 9 Appendix.- 9.1 Research bibliography.- 9.2 Internet links.- CD-ROM with examples / code from the book.