BENCHMARKING IN URBAN TRANSPORT

Demand for travel is increasing in most European cities and regions. The cost of congestion is estimated at EUR 200 billion a year in the EU. Moreover, the transport sector represents 30% of the EU's final energy consumption. Transport and mobility are moving to the top of citizen's agendas everywhere. Commuters, tourists and businesses alike are calling for more effective transport measures that will allow for greater mobility and accessibility while safer and more environmentally friendly. At the same time, the essential role of transport in assuring urban and regional development and economic welfare is a common issues among EU decision makers. Good accessibility is of utmost importance for the social and economic vitality of cities and regions. It is also crucial for the optimal functioning of economic centers, mail ports and cities. Therefore, accessibility is crucial for the prosperity of cities and regions and thus has a direct impact on the Trans-European Transport Network. The quality of logistics is also determining the climate for choosing a place of business and consequently affects employment. Currently, accessibility of economic centers, industrial zones and living areas is hindered by congestion, especially in the main road network. The challenge for cities and regions is to use scarce infrastructure optimally. Moreover, use of public transport and bicycles, especially in city areas, should be encouraged. Travel results from the need to move from place to place to carry out the myriad activities people engage in. In addition, the more people are concentrated in an area, the greater the demands placed on the transport system. Knowledge of the number of inhabitants, their location and their basic characteristics all help define transport needs. Consequently, cities and regions can profit from urban transport benchmarking initiatives to improve their existing urban transport situation.