A Perspective on the Evolution of Forest Soil Science

This chapter examines root distribution in the horizons of Spodosols, finding high concentrations of fine roots in the 0 and Bhs horizons where much of the organic matter accumulated. In the highly acid Spodosols of the coniferous boreal forests there were no earthworms, but mites, millipedes, springtails and other fauna took care of the early stages of leaf and needle litter disintegration, followed by the activity of bacteria and fungi. Light-textured Spodosols of the southeastern USA developed on flat topography, the organic matter penetrates to a greater depth than was formerly appreciated. Although many of the soils of the northern USA and Canada are classified as Spodosols, so are vast areas in the sandy flatlands of the southeastern USA. Site preparation for reforestation disturbs the soil greatly. Forest soil scientists should continue to explore the effects of these practices on soil properties and determine what sets the proper balance between soil protection and economic return.