TRANSPORTATION, BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CONTROL

The main purpose of this study is to explain the relations between built environment, transportation and development control within cities on the basis of literature studies and empirical studies. More specifically, the aims are: to identify the most important factors in the interplay between built environment, transportation and development control and to describe how these factors work together, and to describe different cities regarding built environment, transportation and development control. These relations have been studied in five foreign cities - Salt Lake City, Phoenix, Halle-Neustadt, Freiburg and Almere - with extreme differences in city structure and development control. The results indicate interesting differences between the cities, which to a large extent depend on development control. In cities where private interests to a large extent influence the planning and development process a comprehensive view in planning is missing and the co-ordination between land use planning and transportation planning is defective. These cities have an overall low density, a spread out city centre structure and a transport system based on automobiles. In cities with massive intervention by public authorities the planning of land use and transportation are often integrated. The development of the transport system and built environment is regulated which results in a more structured localization pattern. Density is higher and the transport system involves both private and public transportation modes. A pivotal question in this context, is the optimum balance between private and public involvement in the city planning and development process. (A)