The application of advanced hydrogel in bioelectronics

Bioelectronics is an interdisciplinary field that merges principles from biology, electronics, and materials science to develop innovative devices and technologies that interface with living tissues and organisms. It focuses on creating electronic devices that interact with biological systems. A cardiac pacemaker is a distinct implantable device that can be helpful to cure heart diseases. However, traditional materials used in cardiac pacemakers are mostly alloy which causes foreign body reaction (FBR) at a high level. Hydrogels are a class of soft substances that show outstanding biomimetic properties in biological tissues. Their elevated water content, mechanical properties, and porosity similar to extracellular matrix pave the way to support cell growth and proliferation. Here in this article, we introduce the advantages of using hydrogels in bioelectronics and review the state-of-the-art and modern methods utilized to alter the properties of hydrogels to improve their properties aiming to be conductive, non-swelling, and self-healing.