Climatic changes in the forest and steppe zones of the Volga region and the Urals

The article analyses the dynamics of changes in the main components of the climate. The variability and cyclicity of the climate and the weather conditions forming it by year, autumn-winter period and vegetation period of grain crops on arable lands in the forest and steppe zones of the Volga region and the Urals for the entire period of meteorological observations is studied. Differences in the rates of climate change over time and by seasons have been revealed. Annual precipitation, on average in 1887-2020, per 100 years, increased by 55 mm, mainly due to precipitation in winter. The average annual air temperature increased by 1.8 °C, the average air temperature in winter by 2.3 °C and the average air temperature in summer by 1 °C. The air temperature in the steppe zone increases 20% faster compared to the forest zone.