Composite vertical structures and spatiotemporal characteristics of abnormal eddies in the Japan/East Sea: a synergistic investigation using satellite altimetry and Argo profiles

Mesoscale eddies are omnipresent and play an important role in regulating Earth’s climate and ocean circulation in the global ocean. Here using the combination of satellite altimetry products and Argo float profile data, two types of abnormal eddies are investigated: WCEs(warm cyclonic eddies) and CAEs(cold anticyclonic eddies) with different cores than conventional eddies in the Japan/East Sea. By applying a classification method based on the calculation of the heat content anomalies in the upper ocean, it was found that 10% of the eddies that captured the Argo float profiles exhibited obvious abnormal features. Subsequently, their spatiotemporal distributions and characteristics were analyzed statistically. Three-dimensional structures of abnormal eddies were obtained via the composite analysis method, showing that the warm/cold and light/dense core of the composite WCE/CAE is confined to the upper 100 m of the ocean with a maximum temperature anomaly of approximately +1.0(-1.1)° C . The composite WCE had a double-core salinity structure with a salty core above 50 m and an inferior fresh core. Meanwhile composite CAE had a fresh single-core with a maximum magnitude of -0.05 psu. Abnormal eddies are pervasive in the Japan/East sea, a revaluation of the role of these eddies in ocean circulation and climate systems, such as heat and salt transport, air and sea interaction, and variability in mixed layer depth, is of great importance.