2023•Progress of Theoretical and Experimental PhysicsOpen access

What is a real black hole?

Hirotaka Sugawara

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Abstract

Abstract Four dimensional Einstein equation with non-vanishing energy momentum tensor is solved to give a solution where the event horizon of a celestial body is outside of the body, which corresponds to a black hole by definition. There is no singularity at the center of the object unlike the case of Schwarzschild solution. We do not have the gravitational collapse. We do not have the gravitational collapse thus avoiding the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems. The main feature of our black hole solution is that it has the horizon inside the black hole in addition to the usual outside horizon. This inner horizon singularity is not removable by a coordinate transformation because the determinant of metric tensor is singular at this point but there is no singularity neither in the density nor in the pressure indicating there is no gravitational collapse.

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Abstract Four dimensional Einstein equation with non-vanishing energy momentum tensor is solved to give a solution where the event horizon of a celestial body is outside of the body, which corresponds to a black hole by definition. There is no singularity at the center of the object unlike the case of Schwarzschild solution. We do not have the gravitational collapse. We do not have the gravitational collapse thus avoiding the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems. The main feature of our black hole solution is that it has the horizon inside the black hole in addition to the usual outside horizon. This inner horizon singularity is not removable by a coordinate transformation because the determinant of metric tensor is singular at this point but there is no singularity neither in the density nor in the pressure indicating there is no gravitational collapse.

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Available abstract

Abstract Four dimensional Einstein equation with non-vanishing energy momentum tensor is solved to give a solution where the event horizon of a celestial body is outside of the body, which corresponds to a black hole by definition. There is no singularity at the center of the object unlike the case of Schwarzschild solution. We do not have the gravitational collapse. We do not have the gravitational collapse thus avoiding the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems. The main feature of our black hole solution is that it has the horizon inside the black hole in addition to the usual outside horizon. This inner horizon singularity is not removable by a coordinate transformation because the determinant of metric tensor is singular at this point but there is no singularity neither in the density nor in the pressure indicating there is no gravitational collapse.

Key concepts: Physics, Ring singularity, Naked singularity, Event horizon, Black hole (networking), Singularity, Gravitational collapse, Classical mechanics

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