The role of zoological gardens in the multiple origins of Italian Primatology

The scientific role of zoological gardens has received scanty attention even in cases, such as Italian Primatology, where they seemed to have played a considerable role, especially in the field of behavioral studies. Notably, the relationship between zoos and primatology in Italy is much longer than the 40 years of life of official Primatology. The history of this relationship and connections between zoos and primatologists can reveal not only much about zoo philosophy but also about the origin of Italian Primatology. Among the various aspects that deserve attention is the history of increased interest toward issues such as primate conservation and welfare.