Application of Nanowires in Supercapacitors

Nanowires with anisotropy and a large aspect ratio exhibit rapid axial electron transmission and radial ion diffusion when applied to supercapacitors. Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors are interface or near-interface reactions between electrode material and electrolyte, although there are some differences in energy storage mechanisms. Hybrid capacitors are expected to combine the high specific energy of battery-type materials with the superior specific power of capacitor-type materials and are considered a promising energy storage technique. In this chapter, the research progress on nanowires applied to three typical capacitors, including EDLCs, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors, are summarized. The distinct advantages of one-dimensional structure nanomaterials for achieving high capacitance, high-rate capability, and long-term cycling properties in supercapacitors are concluded. This chapter provides theoretical guidance for the development of one-dimensional nanomaterial-based supercapacitors.