Gene editing technologies used to reduce infectious plant diseases

The most significant challenges to improving yield in agriculture science need progressive improvement with novel strategies. The modern gene editing scenario must focus on reducing the infectious plant diseases caused by plant pathogens. Targeted plant genome engineering enables optimal modifications in commercial plant varieties by incorporating effective alternative gene editing methods over other traditional approaches. Genome editing technology is a multipurpose approach that rapidly progressed in plant biology to alter the phenotype and genotype of the species. Despite its advantages, traditional genome modification could not meet the recent demands for site-directed mutagenesis, high effectiveness, and retrofitting of artificial endonucleases 3. Current gene editing technologies have been subdivided into three kinds of cleavage systems, which are Transcription activator-like effector nucleases TALEN, Zinc Finger nucleases ZFN, CRISPR Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats - CRISPR associated protein). These methods lead to single-stranded or double-stranded mutation through homologous recombination. Hence, this Review is motivated by the advantages of the gene editing tools in developing the plant immune system.