An energy-based design approach in the aero-structural optimization of a morphing aileron

Abstract. This paper describes the application of an energy-based optimization procedure for the design of a morphing aileron as an alternative to replace a conventional hinged aileron. The design procedure starts with an aerodynamic shape optimization embedding skin structural constraints and energetic information. Different candidate morphing shapes able to provide reduced drag are obtained, and they differ for the required actuation level. The structural design is then performed through a dedicated multi-objective topology and sizing optimization, aimed at obtaining a structural configuration that achieves the target shape with minimum error and minimum actuation force. The energetic comparison between the designed solution and the hinged solution shows that morphing is convenient also from the energy viewpoint. Finally, a fluid-structure interaction simulation assesses the performances of the designed solution.