Pneumococcal vaccine uptake and its associated factors among adult patients with congestive cardiac failure seen in a tertiary facility in Lagos, Nigeria

Background: Patients with congestive cardiac failure (CCF) are at increased risk of morbidities and mortality associated with pneumococcal infections and thus should be vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, there is dearth of scientific data on pneumococcal vaccine uptake in this environment. This study set out to assess the vaccination status and its associated factors among CCF patients in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), Lagos, Nigeria. Methodology: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study of one hundred patients with CCF conducted at the adult cardiology out-patient clinic of LASUTH between December 2021 and March 2022. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded as well as Pneumococcal vaccination status, source of vaccination, challenges and reasons for non-vaccination. The likelihood of recommending vaccination for others was also obtained. Results: The mean age of the study population was 51.55±16.36 years (range 21-78 years). The male to female ratio was 56:44. Pneumococcal vaccination rate was 9% with only 4% fully vaccinated. Lack of information about vaccine was the commonest reason for non-vaccination. Healthcare providers were the source of vaccine information in only 58% of the vaccinated subjects. Majority of the vaccinated respondents (67%) had their vaccines outside the country and most of them will likely recommend vaccination to others. Conclusion: Pneumococcal vaccination rate among CCF patients was poor. Better patients’ education and prompt vaccine recommendation by the managing physicians will improve vaccination uptake. A National guideline for adult pneumococcal vaccine in Nigeria is desirable.