The Impact of Key Load Shifting Parameters on Peak Demand Reduction Strategies

Substantial motivation exists for reducing peak electrical demand, and this may be done by shifting electric load away from peak times. The bulk of literature in the field of load shifting focuses on using dynamic models of load shifting equipment (e.g. battery energy storage systems and building air conditioning systems) and a forecast of demand to optimize the use of load shifting resources. This work adds to the existing body of literature by analyzing the sensitivity of load shifting to universal parameters in the algorithm. For example, the accuracy of the demand forecast and the frequency at which demand is sampled and controlled are parameters that affect every load shifting algorithm. This work also considers elements in the electricity billing structure that are not commonly considered in the literature. These include 15-minute metering intervals and the specific timing at which these intervals are implemented. The analysis is performed by applying a generalized energy storage controller to hundreds of actual 15-minute demand profiles from various commercial and industrial buildings.