Thermochemistry

This chapter focuses on thermochemistry. It starts with enthalpy change which is the heat added to a system at constant pressure. The reaction is considered endothermic if heat is taken, while it would be exothermic if heat is given out. As the chapter shows, a calorimeter can be used to measure enthalpy changes. According to Hess's law, the standard enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken from reactants to products. Atomization enthalpy, on the other hand, is the standard enthalpy change accompanying the formation of a gaseous atom from either a solid or a gas containing molecule. Finally, the chapter explains bond enthalpy, solution enthalpy, and hydration enthalpy as well.