Emerging towards zero carbon footprint via carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration

Concerns about climatic changes and global temperature enhancements have sparked efforts worldwide to curb the magnitude of atmospheric carbon dioxide. A key tactic for achieving carbon dioxide emission mitigation goals is Carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration, which is critical for the seamless changeover from the prevailing fossil-based power systems to more eco-friendly future energy systems. Among the carbon dioxide capturing techniques, post-combustion capture is the most practical method for retrofitting existing power plants although results with 3-15 vol.% concentrated carbon dioxide gas stream. Chemical looping combustion capturing receives much attention because of the yielding of highly concentrated carbon dioxide streams up to 100% and the non-pollution offered. This review also explores a variety of sequestration strategies, including geological carbon dioxide sequestration with multiple geological carbon dioxide storage sinks, mineral carbonation sequestration, as well as marine sequestration. The carbon dioxide transportation and the storage facilities comprising pressure vessels, pipelines, and cryogenic storage tanks are also discussed briefly. The Enhanced gas recovery, Enhanced water recovery, and Enhanced oil recovery, which rely on geologically stored carbon dioxide are also taken into account in this analysis as a part of the commercial-economic application of carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration. Along with the risk considerations related to the sequestration processes, the efficient exploitation of the sequestered carbon dioxide is delineated as a road map leading to future prospects. Concerns have been raised that the widespread adoption of carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration will likely be affected by the general public perceptions due to unawareness, along with potential leakages and the enormous capturing cost, which should be considered for the effective uptake of carbon dioxide capturing and sequestration strategies.