Clinic choice of long or short segment pedicle screw‐rod fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture: From scan data to numerical study

Based on computerized tomography scanning images of human lumbar vertebrae, finite element (FE) analysis is performed to predict the stress of pedicle screws, rods, and fractured vertebra as well as the displacement of fractured vertebra after internal fixation treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture. A three-dimensional FE model of L1-L5 lumbar vertebrae with L3 burst fracture has been established and four fixation methods, namely, short segment cross- and trans-injured vertebrae, long segment cross- and trans-injured vertebrae fixations, have been adopted to perform posterior pedicle fixation. The stress distributions of the screws, rods, and fractured vertebra and the total deformation of the fractured vertebra are investigated under six different physiological motions. From the view of the stress on the screw-rod system and the deformation of the fractured vertebral body, the long segment cross-injured vertebra fixation has the best mechanical performance, followed by the long segment trans-injured vertebra fixation, and then the short segment fixation trans-injured vertebra. The short segment fixation cross-injured vertebra performs the worst. Among the six motions, the forward flexion movement has the greatest impact on the screw-rod system and the fractured vertebra. However, the rotation motion greatly affects the stress of the screw in the long segment fixation. This indicates that the longer the fixed segment is, the more susceptible it is to human rotation. Thus, for patients with severe fracture, the long segment cross-injured vertebra is preferred. On the contrary, the short segment trans-injured vertebra fixation is optimal.